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Q Why can R410A refrigerant replace R22 air-conditioning refrigerant?

A R410A refrigerant and R22 refrigerant are the two mainstream domestic air-conditioning refrigerants at this stage. Many people know that R410A is an environmentally friendly refrigerant, and R22 is a Freon that will be eliminated, but it is not clear why R410a is more environmentally friendly than R22. Following Frioflor refrigerant gas will give you an analysis.

First of all, from the point of view of chemical composition, R22 contains chlorine element, chemically named difluorochloromethane, which is one of the freons and belongs to hydrochlorofluorocarbons, so R22 refrigerant has a harmful effect on the ozone layer. R410A refrigerant is a mixture of R125 (pentafluoroethane) and R32 (difluoromethane), which does not contain chlorine and will not destroy the ozone layer.

From the physical performance comparison:

1. In terms of toxicity, R410A is low toxicity, and R22 is slightly toxic, so R410a is safer than R22.

2. The heat transfer capacity of R410A refrigerant is larger than that of R22, the cooling efficiency is higher, and the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger is reduced. Therefore, R410a air conditioners are more energy-efficient than R22 air conditioners, and the system is more stable.

It can be seen that, as a new generation refrigerant, R410A has obvious advantages over the older generation R22 refrigerant. R410a is the internationally recognized best substitute for R22 at this stage and is popularized all over the world.
Q Comparisons of refrigerant R410A R32 R290

A
R32 and R410A Comparison

1. R32 charge is less, only 0.71 times that of R410A. The working pressure of R32 system is higher than R410A, but the maximum increase does not exceed 2.6%, which is equivalent to the pressure requirement of R410A system. At the same time, the exhaust temperature of R32 system is higher than that of R410A. The maximum rise is as high as 35.3°C.

2. The ODP value (ozone depleting potential value) is 0, but the GWP value (global warming potential value) of R32 refrigerant is moderate. Compared with R22, the CO2 emission reduction ratio can reach 77.6%, while R410A is only 2.5%. It is significantly better than R410A refrigerant in terms of CO2 emission reduction.

3. Both R32 and R410A refrigerants are non-toxic, while R32 is flammable, but among several alternatives to R22, R32, R290, R161, and R1234YF, R32 has the highest lower limit of combustion (LFL), which is relatively incombustible. However, it is still a flammable and explosive refrigerant, and there have been many accidents in recent years, and the performance of R410A is more stable.

4. In terms of theoretical cycle performance, the cooling capacity of the R32 system is 12.6% higher than that of the R410A, the power consumption increases by 8.1%, and the overall energy saving is 4.3%. The experimental results also show that the refrigeration system using R32 has a slightly higher energy efficiency ratio than R410A. Considering that R32 has a greater potential to replace R410A.

R32 and R290 comparison

1. R290 and R32 have a relatively small charge, the ODP value is 0, the GWP value is also much smaller than R22, the safety level of R32 is A2 and the safety level of R290 is A3.

2.R290 is more suitable for medium and high temperature air conditioning systems than R32. R32's pressure resistance design is higher than R290, and R32's flammability is much lower than R290, and the cost of safety design is low.

3.The dynamic viscosity of R290 is less than R32, and the pressure drop of the system heat exchanger is less than R32, which helps to improve the efficiency of the system.

　　
4.R32 unit volume refrigeration capacity is about 87% higher than R290, R290 system should use a larger displacement compressor under the same refrigeration capacity.

5.R32 has a higher exhaust temperature, and the pressure ratio of the R32 system is about 7% higher than that of the R290 system, and the overall energy efficiency ratio of the system is about 3.7% lower.

6. The pressure drop of the R290 system heat exchanger is less than R32, which helps to improve system performance. But its flammability is far greater than R32, and higher investment in safety design.
Q How Does The Montreal Agreement Come To Effect?

A In the early 30s of the 20th century, the use of hydrochlorofluoroalkanes (CFCs) as refrigerants marked the beginning of the application of organofluorine chemicals.
After 1945, various defense programs in the Cold War provided an enduring driving force for the continuous development of fluorine chemistry and the use of fluorinated compounds, and the refrigerant industry dominated by CFCs developed rapidly around the world.
Until 1974, when Molina and other scholars put forward the argument that chlorine fluorine would cause damage to the ozone layer, and then in 1985 The British Antarctic Survey discovered the phenomenon of the ozone layer hole over Antarctica, which has aroused widespread international attention: studies have shown that fluoroalkanes have strong chemical stability, and they are difficult to be decomposed or degraded in the lower atmosphere, and will stay in the atmosphere for more than ten years, directly causing problems such as ozone layer destruction and air pollution, and seriously affecting the ecological environment. Nearly half a century elapsed between the introduction of CFCs and the recognition of the environmental hazards of CFC releases.

In 1987, the global organofluorine industry made a major repositioning: representatives of 28 countries jointly resolved and formulated the Montreal Protocol, an international convention, which stipulates that the production and sales of all generations of fluorohydrocarbons will be gradually restricted, reduced and discontinued, and the global fluorine refrigerants will be gradually upgraded. The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

On 15 October 2016, in Kigali, Rwanda, nearly 200 countries at the 28th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Agreement agreed on the reduction of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, and signed the Kigali Amendment. The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol requires most developed countries to reduce HFCs starting in 2019, developing countries to freeze HFCs consumption levels in 2024, and a small number of countries to freeze HFCs consumption in 2028. On 17 June 2021, the Permanent Mission of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations its instrument of acceptance of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The amendment came into force for China on 15 September 2021 (not applicable to Hong Kong SAR of China for the time being). The Chinese Government attaches great importance to the implementation of the Ozone Layer Protection, and has carried out solid implementation and governance actions, which have achieved positive results.
Q History development of quantity regulations on refrigerant production

A
Refrigerant production constraints have been in place globally for nearly 40 years. The first policy in the world to control refrigerant production was the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer promulgated in 1985, which for the first time pointed out the depletion hazards of CFCs to the ozone layer and was an important legal basis for global action to protect the ozone layer. The real policy of quantitative restraint of refrigerants is the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987, and a series of subsequent amendments that have gradually improved the number of restricted varieties and the timing of bans.

Quantitative constraints on first-generation refrigerant production: The Montreal Protocol of 1987 called for a freeze on the production of CFCs in 1986 and a 50% reduction in manufacturing in developed countries in 1988 and a complete ban on halon extinguishing agents (containing bromine and chlorohalides) since 1994. The Copenhagen Amendment of 1992 set 1996 for CFCs, CTCs and TCAs in developed countries and 1994 for halons.

Quantitative constraints on second-generation refrigerant production: The 1990 London Amendment added 4 groups of HCFC controlled substances for a total of 34 HCFC controlled substances. The 1999 Beijing Amendment first controlled the production of HCFCs, and developed countries will stop using HCFCs in 2020 and developing countries will demand that they stop using HCFCs by 2030. The 2007 Montreal Amendment revised the ban schedule for developing countries, bringing forward the freeze year by three years and the final phase-out from 2040 to 2030.

Quantitative constraints on third-generation refrigerant production: The 2016 Kigali Amendment formally placed 18 HFCs on the controlled list and required developed countries to reduce HFCs by 85% by 2036 and developing countries by 80% by 2045.

In addition, in addition to the Montreal Protocol and a series of amendments, the EU has also promulgated a series of binding policies from the application side.
In 2006, the European Commission issued the first regulation for F-gases (2006/40/EC), stating that
1. as of January 1, 2011, all new air conditioners sold in the EU must use a refrigerant GWP value of less than 150.
2. As of January 1, 2017, all new factory vehicles must use a refrigerant with a GWP of 150 or less.

In 2014, the European Union issued a new version of the F-gas regulation (2014/517/EC), which clearly states that
1.from January 1, 2020, commercial refrigeration will prohibit the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 2500;
2. As of January 1, 2025, unit air conditioners will ban the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 750.

China joined the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer in 1989, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1991, and announced its acceptance of the Montreal Protocol (Kigali Amendment) in 2021, gradually joining the constraints on refrigerant production. In addition to the implementation of the prescribed time course, China has added some policies, promulgating regulations in 2009 and 2021 respectively to prohibit the construction and expansion of second- and third-generation refrigerants.
Q Quota policy of 3G refrigerant production in China

A The third-generation refrigerant quota policy was officially implemented.

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Kigali Amendment, the baseline value of HFCs production and use in China,

In tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2), they are the baseline years (2020-2022).

Average production and average use of HFCs in China, plus hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), respectively

Production and use of 65% of the baseline value. Based on this, the baseline value of HFCs production in China was determined to be 1.853

billion tCO2, HFCs consumption baseline value of 905 million tCO2 including import baseline value 5 million tCO2).
Q China's 2025 Refrigerant Quota Policy Overview

A
China's Refrigerant Production Quota Scheme in 2025: Aligning with the Montreal Protocol and Latest Policies

Introduction

The Montreal Protocol, a landmark international environmental agreement, aims to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and regulate hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) to mitigate climate change. China, as a key participant, has implemented stringent policies to meet its obligations under the protocol, particularly through its refrigerant production quota system. In 2025, China's latest quota adjustments reflect its commitment to environmental sustainability while balancing industrial growth.

Overview of the Montreal Protocol and Its Amendments

The Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987, targets the reduction of ODS such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The Kigali Amendment, adopted in 2016, extends this framework to include HFCs, which, while not ozone-depleting, have high global warming potential (GWP). China ratified the Kigali Amendment in 2021, committing to phasedown HFC production and consumption.

China's 2025 Refrigerant Quota Policy

1. Quota Allocation for HCFCs and HFCs

HCFCs: In 2025, China's HCFC production quota is set at 163,573 tons, a significant reduction from 2024 levels. For example, R22, a widely used HCFC, sees its production quota cut by 18% to 149,100 tons, while its domestic use quota drops by 28% to 80,900 tons.

HFCs: The total HFC production quota for 2025 is 792,000 tons (equivalent to 14.64 billion tCO2). Key HFCs like R32 receive a 45,000-ton increase in domestic production quotas to meet rising demand from industries such as air conditioning and semiconductors.

2. Key Adjustments and Their Implications

HCFC Phaseout: The aggressive reduction in HCFC quotas aligns with China's commitment to phase out these substances by 2030. This has led to supply constraints, particularly in the aftermarket, driving up prices for HCFCs like R22.

HFC Management: While HFC quotas are increasing, they remain tightly controlled to prevent overproduction. The focus is on transitioning to low-GWP alternatives, with HFC-32 and HFC-245fa receiving additional quotas to support this shift.

3. Impact on Industry and Market Dynamics

The quota system has created a seller's market, with leading companies like Juhua Group and Dongyue Group dominating HFC production. This concentration of market power enables these firms to maintain high prices and profitability.

The reduction in HCFC quotas has also spurred innovation, with companies investing in next-generation refrigerants like hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), which have zero ozone depletion potential and lower GWP.

Challenges and Future Directions

1. Balancing Environmental Goals and Industrial Growth

China faces the dual challenge of meeting its environmental commitments while supporting its growing refrigeration and air conditioning industries. The quota system must strike a delicate balance between these objectives.

2. Transition to Low-GWP Alternatives

The development and adoption of HFOs and other low-GWP refrigerants are critical to achieving long-term sustainability. However, high costs and technical barriers remain significant hurdles.

3. Enforcement and Compliance

Ensuring compliance with the quota system is essential to its success. Strengthening monitoring and enforcement mechanisms will be key to preventing illegal production and trade of controlled substances.

Conclusion

China's 2025 refrigerant production quota scheme represents a critical step in its journey toward environmental sustainability. By aligning with the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment, China is not only fulfilling its international obligations but also driving innovation and market transformation in the refrigeration industry. As the world moves toward a low-carbon future, China's policies will serve as a model for other developing nations navigating similar challenges.
Q HFO1234yf Product Features: A Global Refrigeration Industry Innovator

A

1. Core Applications

Automotive Air Conditioning Systems: Replaces traditional refrigerant R134a, compliant with the EU Mobile Air Conditioning Systems Directive (MAC) and US EPA standards;

Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: Suitable for low-temperature cooling applications such as cold chain logistics and supermarket freezers;

Heat Pump Systems: Highly efficient heat conversion, compatible with new energy heating equipment.

2. Addressing Industry Pain Points

Environmental Regulatory Pressure: With a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of only 1 (according to IPCC AR5 data), it is significantly lower than R134a (GWP = 1430) and meets EU F-Gas regulations;

Energy Efficiency and Cost Balance: Cooling Performance (COP) is close to R134a, eliminating the need for major modifications to existing equipment;

Safety Improvement: Its A2L flammability rating is safer than competing R290 (propane, Class A3), reducing the risk of explosion.
Q Advantages of Refrigerant R1234yf Over R134a Gas

A
As an importer, you should be aware of the key advantages of refrigerant R1234yf over R134a, especially given the global shift toward more environmentally friendly refrigerants. Here are the main benefits:

1. Lower Global Warming Potential (GWP)

R1234yf: GWP = 1 (near-zero environmental impact)

R134a: GWP = 1,430 (high environmental impact)

Why it matters? Many countries (EU, USA, Japan, etc.) are phasing out high-GWP refrigerants due to regulations like the EU F-Gas Regulation and the Kigali Amendment. R1234yf is compliant with these laws, making it future-proof for automotive and HVAC applications.

2. Better Environmental Compliance

R1234yf is approved for use in new vehicles under EU regulations (since 2017) and is increasingly adopted in the U.S. and Asia.

Avoids penalties or bans associated with R134a in many markets.

3. Similar Performance to R134a (Drop-in Replacement in Some Cases)

Thermodynamic properties are close to R134a, making system retrofits easier.

Works efficiently in automotive air conditioning (MAC) systems with minor modifications.

4. Growing Market Demand

Automakers (Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, GM, etc.) are switching to R1234yf.

Importers can capitalize on the rising demand as more countries enforce low-GWP refrigerant policies.

5. Safety & Non-Flammability (Compared to R290 or R32)

R1234yf is mildly flammable (A2L classification) but much safer than highly flammable alternatives like R290 (propane).

Approved for use in passenger vehicles with proper safety measures.

6. Future-Proof Investment

As R134a faces phase-downs, R1234yf is positioned as the leading alternative for automotive and some commercial refrigeration uses.

Considerations for Importers:

Cost: R1234yf is more expensive than R134a, but prices will drop as production scales up.

Compatibility: Not all R134a systems can use R1234yf without modifications.

Regulations: Verify local laws—some regions mandate R1234yf for new vehicles.

Conclusion:

If you're importing refrigerants, R1234yf offers a sustainable, regulation-compliant alternative with growing demand. It’s ideal for markets with strict environmental laws and automotive industry needs.
Q Key Regions Where R1234yf Is in High Demand

A
1. Europe (Strongest Demand – Regulatory Push)

Why? The EU F-Gas Regulation bans R134a in new car AC systems (since 2017).

Key Markets: Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain (major automotive hubs).

Opportunity:

EU is also extending restrictions to stationary refrigeration, increasing demand.

Aftermarket servicing for existing R1234yf vehicles is growing.

2. United States (Growing Adoption – EPA & CARB Rules)

Why? The EPA SNAP Program and California’s CARB favor R1234yf over R134a.

Key Markets: California, Texas, Michigan (automotive OEMs & suppliers).

Opportunity:

US automakers (GM, Ford, Chrysler) use R1234yf in new models.

Demand rising in commercial refrigeration for eco-friendly solutions.

3. China (Phasing Down HFCs – Future Growth Market)

Why? China ratified the Kigali Amendment and plans HFC phase-downs.

Key Markets: Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing (strictest environmental policies).

Opportunity:

Chinese automakers (BYD, Geely) are shifting to R1234yf for exports to EU/US.

Government incentives for low-GWP refrigerants are increasing.

4. Japan & South Korea (Automotive & Electronics Demand)

Why? Japan’s Fluorocarbons Recovery & Destruction Law promotes R1234yf.

Key Markets: Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul (high-tech & auto manufacturing).

Opportunity:

Japanese brands (Toyota, Honda, Hyundai) use R1234yf in premium models.

Growing HVAC sector seeks alternatives to R410A/R32.

5. Middle East (Emerging Market – Hot Climate Needs)

Why? Gulf countries (UAE, Saudi Arabia) are adopting EU/US standards for imports.

Key Markets: Dubai, Doha (luxury car markets & high AC usage).

Opportunity:

Aftermarket demand for R1234yf in European luxury cars (Mercedes, BMW).

Potential future regulations as part of sustainability goals (e.g., Saudi Vision 2030).

6. Latin America (Gradual Shift – Following EU/US Trends)

Why? Brazil & Mexico export vehicles to the EU/US, requiring R1234yf compliance.

Key Markets: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina (auto manufacturing hubs).

Opportunity:

Local brands (VW Mexico, GM Brazil) switching to meet export demands.

Aftermarket demand lags but will grow as more R1234yf vehicles enter the region.

Best Strategy for Importers:

Priority Markets: Focus on Europe & North America first (strictest laws, highest demand).

Emerging Opportunities: Watch China & Middle East for future growth.

Automotive vs. HVAC:

Automotive AC: Strongest in EU/US/Japan.

Commercial Refrigeration: Growing in China & Southeast Asia.
Q FRIOFLOR | R422D Refrigerant Manufacturer

A
R422D Refrigerant Gas – Engineered for Reliability. Manufactured for Performance.

From FRIOFLOR – Your Trusted Refrigerant Gas Manufacturing Partner

To the discerning wholesaler:

In a market flooded with inconsistent quality and unreliable supply chains, FRIOFLOR stands apart. As a professional refrigerant gas manufacturer, we don't just source or repackage gas – we engineer, produce, and quality-control every batch to meet the most stringent international standards.

Today, we introduce you to R422D : a powerful, retrofittable refrigerant solution designed for medium and low-temperature commercial refrigeration systems. And we back it with the manufacturing integrity of FRIOFLOR.

Why R422D? The Wholesaler's Advantage

1. The Reliable R22 Retrofit Solution

R22 is being phased out globally. But thousands of systems are still running. Your customers need a direct, mineral-oil-friendly replacement – without costly system conversions.

R422D is specifically formulated to replace R22 in:

Direct expansion (DX) systems

Medium and low-temperature commercial refrigeration

Air conditioning chillers

Industrial process cooling

Unlike many alternatives, R422D works with mineral oil (MO), alkylbenzene (AB), and POE oils – dramatically lowering retrofit costs for end users.

2. Drop-In Simplicity = Repeat Business

Your technician customers don't want call-backs. They want solutions that work the first time.

R422D offers:

Near drop-in replacement for R22

No oil change required in most mineral oil systems

Lower discharge temperature than R22 – extending compressor life

Compatible with existing components (hoses, seals, driers)

This means faster jobs, happier end users, and more repeat orders for you.

3. Proven Performance, Real-World Results

R422D delivers:

Cooling capacity: Approximately 85–95% of R22 (varies by system)

Energy efficiency (COP): Comparable to R22 in most retrofit applications

Lower discharge pressure than R22 – reducing strain on older systems

For your customers, this translates to reliable cooling without a full system overhaul.

Technical Specifications – At a Glance

Property Value

ASHRAE Number R422D

Safety Group A1 (Non-toxic, Non-flammable)

Composition R125 / R134a / R600a (Zeotropic blend)

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) 0

Global Warming Potential (GWP) 2729 (AR4)

Lubricant Compatibility Mineral oil (MO), Alkylbenzene (AB), POE

Typical Applications R22 retrofit in commercial refrigeration & A/C

FRIOFLOR – Not Just a Supplier. A Manufacturing Partner.

When you choose FRIOFLOR, you are choosing:

✅ Manufacturing Excellence

We control the entire production process – from raw material sourcing to final cylinder filling. Every batch of R422D is:

Analyzed for purity (≥99.8% by weight)

Tested for moisture, air content, and acidity

Certified to meet AHRI 700 and ISO 17592 standards

✅ Consistent Supply, On-Time Delivery

No supply gaps. No production delays. Our dedicated manufacturing lines and strategic logistics network ensure you have product when your market demands it.

✅ Wholesale-Ready Packaging

Container Type Net Weight Application

Disposable cylinder 11.3 kg (24.9 lbs) Service & small retrofit

Disposable cylinder 25 kg (55 lbs) Commercial use

Refillable cylinder (ISO) 400 kg / 800 kg Bulk / industrial

ISO tank 20 tonnes Large wholesale orders

Custom labeling and private branding available upon request.

✅ Competitive Wholesale Pricing

Because we manufacture, not trade, we offer:

Factory-direct pricing – no middlemen margins

Volume discounts for container orders

Long-term supply contracts with fixed pricing options

✅ Technical Support You Can Trust

Your customers will have questions. We provide:

Retrofit guidelines and application notes

Pressure-temperature (PT) charts

Oil compatibility guidance

Safety data sheets (SDS) in multiple languages

Target Market for R422D – Where You Sell

R422D is in demand across:

Sector Specific Applications

Supermarkets R22 walk-in coolers, freezers, display cases

Convenience stores Ice machines, reach-in coolers

Cold storage Warehouse refrigeration systems

Food processing Production line chillers

Hospitality Hotel kitchen refrigeration

Industrial A/C Older R22 chillers (e.g., Carrier, Trane, York)

Pro tip for wholesalers: Many R22 systems remain in operation. Every one of them is a potential R422D sale. Position R422D as the cost-effective, low-downtime alternative to expensive system replacement.

Important Handling Notes for Your Customers

As a manufacturer, we insist on proper application:

Liquid phase charging required – R422D is a zeotropic blend. Charge as a liquid to prevent fractionation.

Check system components – While compatible with most materials, verify seals and hoses in very old systems.

Adjust expansion valve – TXV may require minor adjustment for optimal superheat.

Monitor operating pressures – Discharge pressure is typically lower than R22; suction pressure slightly lower.

Provide these guidelines to your technician customers – they will appreciate your technical competence.

Why Partner with FRIOFLOR Today?

Competitors FRIOFLOR

Resellers with inconsistent supply Direct manufacturer with stable production

Variable quality Laboratory-tested, batch-certified quality

Slow response times Dedicated wholesale support team

Limited packaging options Full range from 11.3kg to ISO tanks

Generic product data Technical documentation and retrofit support

Ready to Stock R422D from FRIOFLOR?

The R22 retrofit market is not shrinking – it's evolving. Wholesalers who stock reliable, cost-effective replacement gases win long-term customer loyalty.

Contact FRIOFLOR today to:

Request pricing and wholesale terms

Receive technical datasheets and SDS

Discuss private labeling for your market

Schedule a factory or supply chain audit

FRIOFLOR – Professional Refrigerant Gas Manufacturer. Your Competitive Advantage.

An Encyclopedia on Refrigerant Gas Knowledge

Classification

Q Why can R410A refrigerant replace R22 air-conditioning refrigerant?

Q Comparisons of refrigerant R410A R32 R290

Q How Does The Montreal Agreement Come To Effect?

Q History development of quantity regulations on refrigerant production

Q Quota policy of 3G refrigerant production in China

Q China's 2025 Refrigerant Quota Policy Overview

Q HFO1234yf Product Features: A Global Refrigeration Industry Innovator

Q Advantages of Refrigerant R1234yf Over R134a Gas

Q Key Regions Where R1234yf Is in High Demand

Q FRIOFLOR | R422D Refrigerant Manufacturer

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